Grammar

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I’m currently translating Aingeljã grammar from Aingeljã into English. In the meantime, you can read a summarized version of the grammar in English on the FrathWiki website.

 

Prologue

1 Introduction

1.1 Language, dialect and speech
1.2 Natural languages and conlangs
1.3 Modern languages and extinct languages
1.4 Romance family
1.5 Classification of Aingeljã

I Phonology and Spelling

2 Letters and Phonemes

2.1 The alphabet

2.1.1 Vowels
2.1.2 Consonants

2.2 Phonological analysis of Aingeljã

2.2.1 Vowel phonemes
2.2.2 Consonant phonemes

2.3 Equivalences between phonetics and spelling

3 Syllables

3.1 De finition
3.2 Syllable structure
3.3 Diphthongs, triphthongs and hiatuses

3.3.1 Diphthongs
3.3.2 Triphthongs
3.3.3 Hiatuses

3.4 Syllable separation of words

4 Spelling rules of interest

4.1 Word bonding
4.2 Word accentuation

4.2.1 Nasal accent (~)
4.2.2 Grave accent (`)
4.2.3 Acute accent (´)
4.2.4 Diaeresis (¨)
4.2.5 Breve accent (ă)

4.3 Comparison with other Romance languages

II Morphology

5 Morphology

5.1 Introduction
5.2 Word formation

5.2.1 Derivation

5.2.1.1 Derivative suffixes for nouns, adjectives and verbs
5.2.1.2 Augmentative or diminutive suffixes
5.2.1.3 Derivative prefixes

5.2.2 Composition
5.2.3 Other mechanisms

6 Nouns

6.1 Defi nition
6.2 Morphological features

6.2.1 Gender
6.2.2 Number

6.3 Noun classes

7 Adjectives

7.1 De finition
7.2 Morphological features

7.2.1 Position and agreement
7.2.2 Gender
7.2.3 Number
7.2.4 Degrees of comparison

8 Determiners

8.1 Defi nition
8.2 Types of determiners

8.2.1 Articles

8.2.1.1 Determinate
8.2.1.2 Indeterminate

8.2.2 Demonstrative
8.2.3 Possesive
8.2.4 Numeral

8.2.4.1 Cardinal
8.2.4.2 Ordinal
8.2.4.3 Negative
8.2.4.4 Fractions
8.2.4.5 Decimal
8.2.4.6 Scientific notation
8.2.4.7 Multiple numbers

8.2.5 Indefinite
8.2.6 Interrogative and exclamative

9 Prepositions

9.1 De finitions
9.2 List of prepositions
9.3 Preposition + article unions
9.4 Compound prepositions

10 Pronouns

10.1 Defi nition
10.2 Types of pronouns

10.2.1 Personal
10.2.2 Demonstrative
10.2.3 Possesive
10.2.4 Numeral
10.2.5 Indefinite
10.2.6 Interrogative and exclamative
10.2.7 Relative

11 Verbs

11.1 Defi nition
11.2 Verb stems and morphemes
11.3 Verb negation
11.4 Verb morphology

11.4.1 Number and person
11.4.2 Verb mood
11.4.3 Verb aspect
11.4.4 Verb tense
11.4.5 Verb voice
11.4.6 Pronominality

11.5 Verb forms

11.5.1 Non-personal forms

11.5.1.1 Periphrastic verbs

11.5.2 Present
11.5.3 Imperfect
11.5.4 Indefinite
11.5.5 Future
11.5.6 Conditional
11.5.7 Imperative
11.5.8 Perfect
11.5.9 Pluperfect
11.5.10 Indefinite perfect
11.5.11 Future perfect
11.5.12 Conditional perfect

11.6 Auxiliary verbs

11.6.1 Hawăre (to have)
11.6.2 Esăre (to be)

11.7 Model of verb conjugation

12 Adverbs

12.1 De finition
12.2 Types of adverbs

12.2.1 Adverbs of time
12.2.2 Adverbs of place
12.2.3 Adverbs of manner
12.2.4 Adverbs of quantity
12.2.5 Adverbs of affirmation
12.2.6 Adverbs of negation
12.2.7 Adverbs of doubt
12.2.8 Adverbs of addition

13 Conjunctions

13.1 De finition
13.2 Types of conjunctions

13.2.1 Coordinating conjunctions

13.2.1.1 Adversative
13.2.1.2 Copulative
13.2.1.3 Distributive
13.2.1.4 Disjunctive
13.2.1.5 Explicative

13.2.2 Subordinating conjunctions

13.2.2.1 Causal
13.2.2.2 Concessive
13.2.2.3 Comparative
13.2.2.4 Conditional
13.2.2.5 Consecutive
13.2.2.6 Purpose
13.2.2.7 Nominative
13.2.2.8 Of time

14 Interjections

14.1 De finitions
14.2 List of the most important interjections

III Syntax

15 Syntactic groups

15.1 Introduction to Syntax
15.2 Syntactic groups

15.2.1 Noun phrase
15.2.2 Adjective phrase
15.2.3 Prepositional phrase
15.2.4 Verb phrase
15.2.5 Adverb phrase

15.3 Types of functions in a sentence

15.3.1 Noun complement
15.3.2 Adjective complement
15.3.3 Adverb complement
15.3.4 Atribute
15.3.5 Direct object
15.3.6 Indirect object
15.3.7 Adverb complement
15.3.8 Verb preposition complement
15.3.9 Predicative
15.3.10 Agent complement
15.3.11 Subject
15.3.12 Predicate

16 Sentences

16.1 Simple sentences
16.2 Compound sentences

16.2.1 Coordinating sentences

16.2.1.1 Adversative sentences
16.2.1.2 Copulative sentences
16.2.1.3 Distributive sentences
16.2.1.4 Disjunctive sentences
16.2.1.5 Explicative sentences

16.2.2 Subordinating sentences

16.2.2.1 Nominative sentences
16.2.2.2 Relative sentences

16.2.2.2.1 Specificative
16.2.2.2.2 Explicative

16.2.2.3 Adverb sentences

16.2.2.3.1 Of time
16.2.2.3.2 Of place
16.2.2.3.3 Of manner
16.2.2.3.4 Of company
16.2.2.3.5 Of matter
16.2.2.3.6 Causal
16.2.2.3.7 Concessive
16.2.2.3.8 Comparative
16.2.2.3.9 Conditional
16.2.2.3.10 Consecutive
16.2.2.3.11 Of purpose

16.2.3 Juxtaposed sentences

IV Lexis

17. Vocabulary lists

17.1 Swadesh list
17.2 Buck list on Indo-European synonyms

17.2.1 Physical World
17.2.2 Mankind
17.2.3 Animals
17.2.4 Body Parts & Functions
17.2.5 Food & Drink and Cooking & Utensils
17.2.6 Clothing, personal adornment and care
17.2.7 Dwellings & Furniture
17.2.8 Agriculture & Vegetation
17.2.9 Physical Acts & Materials
17.2.10 Motion & Transportation
17.2.11 Possession & Trade
17.2.12 Spatial Relations
17.2.13 Quantity & Number
17.2.14 Time
17.2.15 Sense Perception
17.2.16 Emotion
17.2.17 Mind & Thought
17.2.18 Language & Music
17.2.19 Social Relations
17.2.20 Warfare & Hunting
17.2.21 Law & Judgment
17.2.22 Religion & Beliefs