venăre

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[ˈvenəɾe]

1. intransitive verb To come, to come over.

2. periphrastic verb It expresses purpose. It is used with an infitinive. Example: Toul’amic hast-ti venat vidre, your friend has come to see you.

3. periphrastic verb It is used in narrations, where sentences are usually in the past tense, as an equivalent form to the main verb conjugated in this past tense. It is used with an infitinive. Example: Ou scriwator vené morăre (=moré) circulat pur tota sa familla, the writer died (=came to die) surrounded by all his family.

4. periphrastic verb It expresses a repetitive process since long time ago. It is used with a gerund. Example: Ou diretor vene rowant denair des façe mouts meixes, the headmaster has been stealing money since many months ago.

Etymology: From Latin venire.

vadre

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[ˈvadɾe]

1. intransitive verb To go (to a place).

2. periphrastic verb It expresses a process under development, in consecutive stages. It is used with a gerund. Example: Gga se vade noixeçant, it is getting dark already.

3. periphrastic verb It express a near future, similarly to “to be going to” in English. It is used with an infitinive. Example: Demã nos vadèms-nus tendre ũn’aut nou, tomorrow we are going to buy a new car (for us).

4. periphrastic verb It is used to give somebody an order, as an alternative to the imperative tense. It is used with an infitinive. Examples: Vada dormăre!, go to sleep!

Etymology: From Latin vadere.

potre

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[ˈpotɾe]

1. masculine noun Power.

2. periphrastic verb To be able to, can. It expresses ability. It is followed by an infinitive. Example: Jo pot façre-ou, I can do it.

3. periphrastic verb May, could. It expresses a possibility or permission. It is followed by an infinitive. Example: Se pote pluggăre dou noix, tonight it could rain.

4. periphrastic verb May, mustn’t (in negative sentences). It expresses permission. It is followed by an infinitive. Example: Ca ũ nõ pote fumăre, you mustn’t smoke here.

Etymology: From Latin potere.

llewăre

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[ˈʎewəɾe]

1. transitive verb To carry, to take, to transport.

2. transitive verb To wear (clothes).

3. transitive verb To raise, to lift, to put something up.

4. periphrastic verb It expresses a repetitive action or a process under development. It is followed by a gerund. It corresponds roughly to present perfect continuous in English. Example: Se llewe pluggant tot ou dïe, it has been raining all day.

5. periphrastic verb It expresses a finished action. It is followed by a participle in gender and number agreement with the direct object. It corresponds roughly to present perfect in English. Example: Jo llewe lleggatas cincent paggas de dou llïur, it have read fifty pages of this book.

Etymology: From Latin levare.

hawăre

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[ˈawəɾe]

1. auxiliary verb To have (used in compound tenses). It is followed by a participle. Example: Mou marit hast -mi deixat, my husband has left me.

2. transitive verb To have (possession or ownership). Example: J’heh ũn’aut nou, I have a new car.

3. impersonal verb It expresses existence or presence. It is always conjugated in singular with the pronoun se. Example: S’hast moutas cosas qwe façre, there are many things to do.

Etymology: From Latin habere.

~ de 

[ˈawəɾe de]

1. periphrastic verb It expresses an external obligation with respect to the speaker, like “to have to”. It is followed by an infinitive. Example: Tots hawèms de complăre as lleixas, everybody has to obey the laws.

 

esăre

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[ˈesəɾe]

1. copulative verb To be (something you are).

2. intransitive verb To be (situation, place, time).

3. auxiliary verb To be (passive voice). It is followed by a participle. If present, the agent complement is headed by the preposition pur. Example: As chartas eseiren scriwatas pur ou soudat per sa fama, the letters were written by the soldier to his wife.

4. masculine noun Being.

Etymology: From Latin essere.

~ homã

[ˈesəɾe oˈma]

1. masculine noun Human being, Man (in general).

~ per

[ˈesəɾe peɾ]

1. periphrastic verb It expresses a near future or something about to happen. It is followed by an infinitive. Example: S’eh per pluggăre, it’s about to rain.

 

deixăre

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[ˈdeʃəɾe]

1. transitive verb To leave, to leave something aside, to leave something behind, to set something aside.

2. transitive verb To let (to allow). In this case it is followed by an infinitive.

3. transitive verb To lend (to let another person use something that is yours).

4. periphrastic verb It is used to express a request or a precaution. It is followed by a participle. Example: Na mara hast deixat diçat qwe nõn aurèms a porta a nesũ, our mother has asked us not to open the door to anybody.

Etymology: From Latin laxare via Spanish dejar.

segre

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[ˈsegɾe]

1. transitive verb To follow, to pursue, to chase.

2. intransitive verb To go on, to carry on.

3. periphrastic verb It expressed a repetitive action or process under development. It is followed by a gerund. Example: Se sege pluggant tuvïe, it’s still raining.

Etymology: From Latin sequire via Spanish seguir.