[do]

1. interrogative and exclamative pronoun Where. Example: Dõn has esat?, where have you been?

2. relative pronoun Where. Example: A cità dõ jo naçé apelle-si Nou Jorc, the city where I was born is called New York.

Etymology: From Latin de unde.

des

[des]

1. preposition From (starting point of a period of time, a journey, etc.). Example: Des ca a ma casa s’hast sol cent meters, from here to my house there are only one hundred metres.

Etymology: From Latin de ex.

de

[de]

1. preposition Of (possession or ownership). Example: Dou llïur eh de moul’amic, this book belongs to my friend.

2. preposition From (place of origin). Example: Jo sõ de Spanna, I’m from Spain.

3. preposition It expresses the manner something is done. Example: Nos façrèms-ou de da forma, we will do it this way.

4. preposition Of (material). Example: Oul’aneu eh d’aur, the ring is made of gold.

5. preposition At (for certain temporal moments). Example: De noix tots ous gats sen pards, at night all cats are brown.

6. preposition It expresses a quality. Example: T’has ũ cor de ljõ, you are lion-hearted.

7. preposition From (starting point of a period of time, a journey, etc.), synonym of des. Example: De Madrid a Barcelona s’hast pluix de seixcents cilometers, from Madrid to Barcelona there are more than six hundred kilometres.

8. preposition It expresses the use of something, synonym of per (3). Example: Dona-mi as botas de scijăre, pass me the ski boots.

Spelling: Before words beginning with a vowel or h-, it turns into d’, with word ligature (both words are written together without intermediate spaces). Before the definite article determiner, see dou (3).

Etymology: From Latin de.

da

[da]

1. demonstrative determiner, feminine singular This.

Spelling: Before words beginning with a vowel or h-, it turns into dal’, with word ligature (both words are written together without intermediate spaces). For feminine plural: das; for masculine forms, see dou (1).

2. demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular This one.

Spelling: Before words beginning with a vowel or h-, it turns into dal’, with word ligature (both words are written together without intermediate spaces). For feminine plural: das; for masculine  forms, see dou (2).

Etymology (1-2): A portmonteau between German das (this) and the definite article a (2).

3. preposition-article contraction, feminine singular Of the.

Spelling: Before words beginning with a vowel or h-, it turns into dal’, with word ligature (both words are written together without intermediate spaces). For feminine plural: das; for masculine forms, see dou (3).

Etymology: From de a.

dou

[dou̯]

1. demonstrative determiner, masculine singular This.

Spelling: Before words beginning with a vowel or h-, it turns into doul’, with word ligature (both words are written together without intermediate spaces). For masculine plural: dous; for feminine forms, see da (1).

2. demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular This one.

Spelling: Before words beginning with a vowel or h-, it turns into doul’, with word ligature (both words are written together without intermediate spaces). For masculine plural: dous; for feminine forms, see da (2).

Etymology (1-2): A portmonteau between German das (this) and the definite article ou.

3. preposition-article contraction, masculine singular Of the.

Spelling: Before words beginning with a vowel or h-, it turns into doul’, with word ligature (both words are written together without intermediate spaces). For masculine plural: dous; for feminine forms, see da (3).

Etymology: From de ou.